Sharm-El-Sheikh Accords 2025: Substance, pomp, and circumstance AI Overview: Based on news reports, the Sharm El-Sheikh accords of 2025 refer to the peace agreement and summit that occurred in Egypt in October 2025 to end the war in Gaza. [1] Substance of the accord The accords were brokered by the United States, Egypt, Qatar, and Turkey, and followed a multi-stage peace plan proposed by U.S. President Donald Trump. [1, 2] Initial phase (Phase One): • Ceasefire: A ceasefire took effect on October 10, 2025, after being approved by the Israeli cabinet. • Hostage and prisoner exchange: On October 13, Hamas released 20 living Israeli hostages in exchange for 2,000 Palestinian prisoners, includin

Sharm-El-Sheikh Accords 2025: Substance, pomp, and circumstance
AI Overview:
Based on news reports, the Sharm El-Sheikh accords of 2025 refer to the peace agreement and summit that occurred in Egypt in October 2025 to end the war in Gaza. [1] 
Substance of the accord The accords were brokered by the United States, Egypt, Qatar, and Turkey, and followed a multi-stage peace plan proposed by U.S. President Donald Trump. [1, 2] 
Initial phase (Phase One):

• Ceasefire: A ceasefire took effect on October 10, 2025, after being approved by the Israeli cabinet.
• Hostage and prisoner exchange: On October 13, Hamas released 20 living Israeli hostages in exchange for 2,000 Palestinian prisoners, including some serving life sentences. Hamas also returned the remains of four deceased hostages.
• Military withdrawal: Israel began withdrawing its forces from parts of the Gaza Strip to pre-agreed deployment lines.
• Humanitarian aid: The agreement provided for the entry of more humanitarian aid into Gaza.
• Monitoring task force: A task force, including representatives from the U.S., Qatar, Egypt, and Turkey, was created to monitor the agreement’s implementation. [2, 3] 

Further stages (Phase Two and Three):

• Peace negotiations: Phase two was meant to involve further negotiations for a “sustainable calm,” along with the release of remaining hostages and prisoners, and a complete Israeli withdrawal.
• Post-war governance: Reconstruction of Gaza was outlined in a 20-point plan, with the ultimate goal of establishing a pathway to a Palestinian state. However, the demilitarization of Hamas, a core Israeli demand, remained unresolved.
• Reconstruction and governance: A “Board of Peace,” chaired by former President Trump and including Tony Blair, was proposed to oversee the reconstruction and transitional administration of Gaza. [2, 4, 5, 6] 

Pomp and Circumstance The diplomatic events surrounding the agreement were marked by significant fanfare and ceremonial elements.
The Summit:

• On October 13, 2025, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi and U.S. President Donald Trump co-hosted the “Sharm El-Sheikh Peace Summit” with leaders from over 20 countries in attendance.
• High-level attendance: The summit brought together prominent figures, including Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Qatari Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani.
• Trump’s victory lap: The summit served as a public victory lap for Trump, who had promoted the peace plan. He also delivered a celebratory speech at the Israeli Knesset earlier that day.
• Absent leaders: Notably absent was Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who cited a scheduling conflict with a Jewish holiday. His absence drew criticism from some, including an Israeli lawmaker who accused him of prioritizing politics over peace.
• Symbolic gestures: Trump signed a document with leaders from Egypt, Turkey, and Qatar to support the accord. At the ceremony, Egyptian President el-Sisi awarded Trump an Egyptian honorary title, and Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif publicly stated that Trump deserved the Nobel Peace Prize. [1, 3, 7, 8, 9] 

The aftermath:

• The Abraham Accords: Trump used the momentum from the Gaza deal to urge more countries to join the Abraham Accords, the 2020 normalization deals between Israel and other Arab states.
• Optimistic rhetoric: The rhetoric at the summit was exultant, with Trump framing the moment as the beginning of a “golden age of Israel and the golden age of the Middle East”. However, the enduring stability of the agreement remained uncertain, particularly concerning Hamas’s disarmament and long-term Gaza governance. [2, 6, 8, 10] 

AI responses may include mistakes.

[1]  dailynewsegypt.com/2025/10/1…
[2]  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_p…
[3]  foxnews.com/politics/netanya…
[4]  independent.co.uk/news/world…
[5]  timesofisrael.com/liveblog_e…
[6]  jpost.com/middle-east/articl…
[7]  timesofisrael.com/at-sharm-s…
[8]  washingtonpost.com/politics/…
[9]  politico.com/news/2025/10/13…
[10]  thehill.com/homenews/5553398…

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— Michael Novakhov (@mikenov) Oct 13, 2025